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《地球大數據支撐可持續發展目標報告（2020）：中國篇》圍繞零饑餓（SDG 2）、清潔飲水和衛生設施（SDG 6）、可持續城市和社區（SDG 11）、氣候行動（SDG 13）、水下生物（SDG 14）和陸地生物（SDG 15）6個可持續發展目標（SDGs）所開展的42個案例研究、指標建設和可持續發展狀態評估，展示了中國和典型地區兩個尺度在數據、方法模型和決策支持方面對相關SDGs及其指標進行的研究和監測評估成果，包括41套數據產品、21種方法模型和30個決策支持結果。這些案例展現了中國利用科技創新推動落實聯合國2030年可持續發展議程的探索和實踐，充分揭示了地球大數據技術對監測評估可持續發展目標的應用價值和廣闊前景，開拓了在聯合國技術促進機制框架下利用大數據、人工智能等先進技術方法支撐2030年可持續發展議程落實的新途徑和新方法，為各國加強2030年可持續發展議程的落實監測評估提供借鑒。

Contents
Foreword i
Preface v
Executive Summary ix
List of Cases on Big Earth Data for SDGs xv
Chapter 1 Introduction
Challenges to Implementing the SDGs / 2
Big Earth Data / 3
Big Earth Data in Support of SDGs / 4
Chapter 2 SDG 2 Zero Hunger
Background / 8
Main Contributions / 10
Case Study / 11
The trend of under-f ive stunting in China / 11
Potential for sustainable cropland intensif ication in China / 17
Potential for improvement of the sustainability of crop production in China / 22
Monitoring and early warning of agri-product price volatility in China / 28
Summary / 34
Chapter 3 SDG 6 Clean Water and Sanitation
Background / 38
Main Contributions / 39
Case Study / 41
Spatiotemporal patterns of water transparency in Chinas lakes / 41
Water-use eff iciency and its change in China / 47
Evaluation of water stress in the Shule River Basin in Northwest China / 53
Changes in the spatiotemporal extent of Chinas vegetated wetlands / 59
Spatial distribution and changes of aquatic vegetation and algae in typical lake ecosystems， China / 65
Comprehensive analysis of the sustainable development of water security in China / 71
Summary / 77
Chapter 4 SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities
Background / 80
Main Contributions / 81
Case Study / 84
Estimates of population living in shantytowns as a percentage of main urban district residents in cities in China / 84
Proportion of the population with easy access to public transportation in China / 90
Monitoring and assessing urbanization progress in China / 96
Analysis of urban expansion and population growth in China / 104
Research on Sustainable Development Goals of UNESCO designated sites in China / 111
Monitoring of disaster loss reduction and promoting sustainable development in vulnerable areas in China / 119
Impact assessment of storm surge inundation in Shenzhen / 127
Monitoring and analyzing f ine particulate matter (PM2.5) in cities in China / 134
Assessment of urban public space in China / 139
Share of open public space area in cities in China / 148
Evaluation of the emergency response capacity for COVID-19 in Wuhan / 153
Xuzhou: A typical case of resource-exhausted cities and regional transformation routes / 167
Integrated assessment of SDG 11 indicators at the provincial scale in China / 180
Summary / 186
Chapter 5 SDG 13 Climate Action
Background / 190
Main Contributions / 191
Case Study / 192
Intensity and frequency of extreme high-temperature events and heatwaves in China / 192
Predicting the impacts of future climate change on the phenology of major crops in China / 198
Reaction of glaciers on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau to climate change / 203
Summary / 208
Chapter 6 SDG 14 Life below Water
Background / 212
Main Contributions / 213
Case Study / 215
Distribution and variation of marine debris and microplastics in Chinas coastal waters / 215
Distribution of metal pollutants in coastal areas of China: using bivalves as bio-indicators / 223
Ecosystem health assessment for typical bays in coastal China / 229
Risk assessment of harmful algal blooms in the Bohai Sea / 235
Monitoring changes in raft culture in Chinas coastal waters / 242
Eutrophication， hypoxia， and acidif ication in Chinas coastal waters / 247
Summary / 253
Chapter 7 SDG 15 Life on Land
Background / 256
Main Contributions / 258
Case Study / 260
Forest type distribution along the Yangtze River basin， China / 260
Three conditions for biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in China / 265
Proportion of important sites for terrestrial， freshwater， and mountain biodiversity that are covered by protected areas / 272
Suitability of no net loss as a wetland protection target / 277
Large-scale vegetation restoration and soil & water conservation in the Loess Plateau of China in the past 20 years / 282
Evaluating aeolian desertif ication processes and restoration in the semi-arid region and its surrounding areas of northern China / 288
Salinization development and countermeasures in the Yellow River Delta / 295
Chinas plant diversity: risks and conservation strategies / 300
Spatiotemporal changes in plant diversity in grassland nature reserves in northern China / 305
Distribution and development of pinewood nematode disease in China / 311
Summary / 317
Chapter 8 Summary and Prospects / 320
References / 324
Acronyms / 344