本書是依據(jù)教育部高等學(xué)校物理基礎(chǔ)課程教學(xué)指導(dǎo)分委員會制定的"理工科類大學(xué)物理實驗課程教學(xué)基本要求”編寫的通識課程教材，體現(xiàn)新工科建設(shè)的成果。 突出對學(xué)生基本能力的訓(xùn)練和創(chuàng)新思維、創(chuàng)新方法、創(chuàng)新能力的培養(yǎng)，內(nèi)容涵蓋測量誤差與數(shù)據(jù)處理的基本知識、基礎(chǔ)性實驗、綜合性及應(yīng)用性實驗、演示實驗、大型儀器實驗、計算機(jī)仿真實驗等，共6個部分。
金立，浙江理工大學(xué)高級實驗師，主要講授普通物理實驗（實驗A、實驗B）、近代物理應(yīng)用實驗、LED專業(yè)實驗。曾參與過以下項目：1）浙江省級虛擬仿真實驗項目，組合式綜合光學(xué)虛擬仿真實驗，2021—20222）浙江省在線開放課程《普通物理實驗》（第三批在建），2019—20203）浙江省教育規(guī)劃課題，基于"模式+平臺”的虛實結(jié)合的普通物理實驗教學(xué)改革與實踐，2018-20194）浙江理工大學(xué)校級重點教改項目，與工程專業(yè)認(rèn)證接軌的普通物理實驗
緒論 ···············································································································.1
第1 章 測量誤差與數(shù)據(jù)處理的基本知識 ·······························································.7
1.1 測量與有效數(shù)字 ···················································································.7
1.2 誤差分類與處理 ···················································································.9
1.3 測量不確定度的估算 ············································································.12
1.4 實驗數(shù)據(jù)的處理方法 ············································································.17
第2 章 基礎(chǔ)性實驗 ··························································································22
2.0 預(yù)備知識 ···························································································.22
2.0.1 力學(xué)預(yù)備知識 ············································································.22
2.0.2 電磁學(xué)預(yù)備知識 ·········································································.26
2.0.3 光學(xué)預(yù)備知識 ············································································.32
2.1 拉伸法測定金屬材料的楊氏模量 ·····························································.35
2.2 氣墊導(dǎo)軌實驗 ·····················································································.39
2.3 扭擺法測定物體的轉(zhuǎn)動慣量 ···································································.45
2.4 三線擺法測定物體的轉(zhuǎn)動慣量 ································································.49
2.5 氣體比熱容比的測定 ············································································.53
2.6 穩(wěn)恒電流場模擬靜電場 ·········································································.56
2.7 電表改裝及校準(zhǔn) ··················································································.61
2.8 直流電橋測電阻 ··················································································.65
2.9 雙臂電橋測低值電阻 ············································································.70
2.10 示波器的原理和應(yīng)用 ···········································································.75
2.11 聲速的測量 ·······················································································.82
2.12 鐵磁材料的磁化曲線和磁滯回線的測量 ···················································.86
2.13 霍爾效應(yīng)的原理與應(yīng)用 ········································································.92
2.14 電磁感應(yīng)法測量磁場分布 ···································································.101
2.15 溫度傳感器的原理與應(yīng)用 ···································································.107
2.16 波爾共振 ························································································.112
2.17 光的等厚干涉 ··················································································.118
2.18 邁克爾遜干涉儀的調(diào)節(jié)和使用 ·····························································.123
2.19 分光計的調(diào)整及光柵衍射 ···································································.128
2.20 導(dǎo)熱系數(shù)的測定 ···············································································.136
2.21 PN 結(jié)特性和玻爾茲曼常數(shù)的測定 ························································.142
第3 章 綜合性及應(yīng)用性實驗 ···········································································.149
3.1 PASCO 動力學(xué)實驗 ············································································.149
3.1.1 碰撞中的動量守恒 ····································································.149
3.1.2 斜面上的振動 ··········································································.151
3.2 固體線膨脹系數(shù)的測定 ·······································································.155
3.3 PASCO 基礎(chǔ)光學(xué)實驗 ·········································································.157
3.3.1 光的單縫衍射 ··········································································.157
3.3.2 光的雙縫干涉 ··········································································.159
3.4 電介質(zhì)介電常數(shù)的測定 ·······································································.161
3.5 密立根油滴實驗 ················································································.163
3.6 弗蘭克—赫茲實驗 ·············································································.167
3.7 光電效應(yīng)測普朗克常數(shù) ·······································································.172
3.8 玻璃折射率的測定 ·············································································.178
3.9 太陽能電池特性的研究 ·······································································.180
3.10 多普勒效應(yīng)綜合實驗 ·········································································.185
3.11 理想真空二極管綜合實驗 ···································································.189
3.11.1 金屬電子逸出功的測定 ···························································.189
3.11.2 電子在徑向電場和軸向磁場中的運動（磁控法測量電子荷質(zhì)比） ·····.194
3.11.3 費米—狄拉克分布的研究 ························································.199
3.11.4 理想真空二極管的伏安特性 ·····················································.203
3.12 傳感器綜合實驗 ···············································································.205
3.12.1 直流激勵時霍爾傳感器的位移特性實驗 ······································.205
3.12.2 霍爾傳感器的測速實驗 ···························································.207
3.12.3 鉑熱敏電阻溫度特性測試實驗 ··················································.208
3.13 表面等離子體共振實驗 ······································································.210
3.14 超聲光柵 ························································································.213
第4 章 演示實驗 ··························································································.217
4.1 傅科擺·····························································································.217
4.2 科里奧利力 ······················································································.218
4.3 彈性碰撞球 ······················································································.218
4.4 飛機(jī)升力 ·························································································.219
4.5 滾柱式轉(zhuǎn)動慣量 ················································································.220
4.6 茹可夫斯基凳 ···················································································.221
4.7 直升機(jī)角動量 ···················································································.222
4.8 角動量守恒轉(zhuǎn)臺 ················································································.222
4.9 昆特管·····························································································.223
4.10 共振演示 ························································································.224
4.11 拍的合成 ························································································.225
4.12 看得見的聲波 ··················································································.226
4.13 記憶合金水車 ··················································································.226
4.14 斯特林熱機(jī) ·····················································································.227
4.15 雙向翻轉(zhuǎn)伽爾頓板 ············································································.228
4.16 神奇的輝光球 ··················································································.229
4.17 神奇的輝光盤 ··················································································.229
4.18 手觸電池 ························································································.230
4.19 靜電高壓 ························································································.231
4.20 雅各布天梯 ·····················································································.232
4.21 三相旋轉(zhuǎn)磁場 ··················································································.232
4.22 電磁炮 ···························································································.233
4.23 亥姆霍茲線圈 ··················································································.233
4.24 湯姆遜電磁鐵 ··················································································.234
4.25 能量轉(zhuǎn)換輪 ·····················································································.235
4.26 光學(xué)分形 ························································································.235
4.27 光學(xué)幻影 ························································································.236
4.28 電子火焰 ························································································.237
4.29 視覺暫留 ························································································.238
4.30 夢幻點陣 ························································································.239
4.31 留影板演示儀 ··················································································.239
4.32 神秘的普氏擺 ··················································································.240
4.33 互補(bǔ)色圖像 ·····················································································.241
4.34 臺式皂膜 ························································································.242
4.35 偏振光干涉 ·····················································································.243
4.36 旋光色散 ························································································.244
4.37 光柵視鏡 ························································································.245
4.38 透射光柵變換畫 ···············································································.245
4.39 透射光柵立體畫 ···············································································.246
4.40 磁力轉(zhuǎn)盤 ························································································.247
4.41 激光琴 ···························································································.248
4.42 手搖發(fā)電 ························································································.249
4.43 無形的力 ························································································.249
4.44 空中成像 ························································································.250
4.45 穿墻而過 ························································································.251
4.46 窺視無窮 ························································································.252
4.47 一筆畫 ···························································································.253
4.48 液晶玻璃 ························································································.254
4.49 會導(dǎo)電的布 ·····················································································.255
4.50 意念彎勺 ························································································.256
4.51 太陽能發(fā)電 ·····················································································.257
4.52 錐體上滾 ························································································.258
4.53 看誰滾得快 ·····················································································.259
4.54 聽話的小球 ·····················································································.260
4.55 小球的足跡 ·····················································································.261
4.56 曲柄滑塊機(jī)構(gòu) ··················································································.262
4.57 常用減速機(jī)構(gòu) ··················································································.263
4.58 槽輪機(jī)構(gòu) ························································································.264
4.59 異形齒輪 ························································································.265
4.60 最速降線 ························································································.266
4.61 雙曲狹縫 ························································································.267
4.62 方輪車 ···························································································.268
4.63 滾出直線 ························································································.269
4.64 紅外熱像儀 ·····················································································.270
第5 章 大型儀器實驗 ····················································································.272
5.1 原子力顯微鏡 ···················································································.272
5.2 熱重分析 ·························································································.277
5.3 傅里葉紅外光譜儀 ·············································································.279
5.4 共焦拉曼光譜儀 ················································································.282
5.5 紫外可見吸收光譜 ·············································································.284
5.6 穩(wěn)態(tài)—瞬態(tài)熒光壽命光譜 ····································································.291
5.7 3D 激光掃描共聚焦顯微鏡 ···································································.295
5.8 X 射線衍射 ·······················································································.298
5.9 掃描隧道顯微鏡 ················································································.302
第6 章 計算機(jī)仿真實驗 ·················································································.307
6.1 仿真實驗軟件簡介 ·············································································.307
6.1.1 啟動平臺 ················································································.307
6.1.2 基本操作 ················································································.309
6.1.3 仿真實驗項目 ··········································································.311
6.2 電子荷質(zhì)比的測定 ·············································································.312
6.2.1 磁聚焦法測電子荷質(zhì)比 ······························································.312
6.2.2 磁控管法測電子荷質(zhì)比 ······························································.313
6.3 塞曼效應(yīng)實驗 ···················································································.315
6.3.1 垂直磁場方向觀察塞曼分裂 ························································.315
6.3.2 平行磁場方向觀察塞曼分裂 ························································.318
6.4 虛擬仿真實驗中心 ·············································································.319
6.4.1 Pasco 組合光學(xué)虛擬仿真實驗 ······················································.320
6.4.2 傳感器虛擬仿真實驗 ·································································.320
6.4.3 近代物理仿真實驗 ····································································.322
參考文獻(xiàn) ······································································································.324
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