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本書圍繞系統(tǒng)管理員、網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程師等崗位對 openEuler 操作系統(tǒng)及網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)管理核心技能的要求，通過引入行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和職業(yè)崗位標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，以基于 openEuler 操作系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建的網(wǎng)絡(luò)主流技術(shù)和主流產(chǎn)品為載體，將企業(yè)應(yīng)用需求及 openEuler 基礎(chǔ)知識和服務(wù)架構(gòu)融入各項(xiàng)目的工作任務(wù)。 本書針對中小型網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)與管理中涉及的技術(shù)，精選企業(yè)真實(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)工程項(xiàng)目案例并加以提煉。本書主要內(nèi)容包括企業(yè)服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)選型、使用 Shell 管理本地文件、管理信息中心的用戶與組、管理 IP 網(wǎng)絡(luò)、openEuler 操作系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)配置、企業(yè)內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)存儲與共享、部署企業(yè)的 DHCP 服務(wù)、部署企業(yè)的 DNS 服務(wù)、部署企業(yè)的 Web 服務(wù)、部署企業(yè)的 FTP 服務(wù)、部署企業(yè)的 Squid 代理服務(wù)、部署企業(yè)的郵件服務(wù)、部署 openEuler 防火墻。

黃君羨，高工，微軟認(rèn)證專家，2010年微軟校園之星大賽評委，銳捷認(rèn)證金牌講師，微軟認(rèn)證講師，廣東交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院院級教學(xué)名師、教學(xué)能手，廣東交通職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院信息學(xué)院副院長。著作方向?yàn)榫W(wǎng)絡(luò)工程、網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)管理、云計(jì)算。主持或主要參與等校外教科研項(xiàng)目10項(xiàng)，主持院級項(xiàng)目5項(xiàng)，主要參與院級項(xiàng)目3項(xiàng)，獲發(fā)明專利1項(xiàng)、實(shí)用新型專利1項(xiàng)、軟件著作權(quán)1項(xiàng)。公開發(fā)表論文12篇，出版教材5部.

項(xiàng)目 1 企業(yè)服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)選型 ...................................................................1
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .................................................................................................................................. 1
項(xiàng)目描述 .................................................................................................................................. 1
項(xiàng)目分析 .................................................................................................................................. 1
相關(guān)知識 .................................................................................................................................. 2
1.1 Linux 概述 .............................................................................................................. 2
1.2 Linux 內(nèi)核 .............................................................................................................. 2
1.3 Linux 發(fā)行版本 ...................................................................................................... 3
1.4 openEuler 簡介 ....................................................................................................... 4
項(xiàng)目實(shí)施 .................................................................................................................................. 4
任務(wù) 1 安裝 openEuler 操作系統(tǒng) ................................................................................ 4
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 ............................................................................................................................ 12
項(xiàng)目 2 使用 Shell 管理本地文件 ..................................................................13
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ................................................................................................................................ 13
項(xiàng)目描述 ................................................................................................................................ 13
項(xiàng)目分析 ................................................................................................................................ 13
相關(guān)知識 ................................................................................................................................ 14
2.1 Shell ...................................................................................................................... 14
2.2 Bash....................................................................................................................... 14
2.3 目錄結(jié)構(gòu)............................................................................................................... 24
2.4 文件系統(tǒng)............................................................................................................... 26
2.5 Vim 編輯器 ........................................................................................................... 27
項(xiàng)目實(shí)施 ................................................................................................................................ 29
任務(wù) 2-1 Bash 基礎(chǔ)環(huán)境的設(shè)置 ................................................................................ 29
任務(wù) 2-2 命令行下目錄與文件的管理 ..................................................................... 31
任務(wù) 2-3 命令行下系統(tǒng)配置文件的修改 ................................................................. 33
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 ............................................................................................................................ 37
信創(chuàng)服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)的配置與管理（openEuler 版）
項(xiàng)目 3 管理信息中心的用戶與組 ...............................................................38
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ................................................................................................................................ 38
項(xiàng)目描述 ................................................................................................................................ 38
項(xiàng)目分析 ................................................................................................................................ 39
相關(guān)知識 ................................................................................................................................ 39
3.1 用戶類型............................................................................................................... 39
3.2 用戶配置............................................................................................................... 40
3.3 用戶組................................................................................................................... 41
項(xiàng)目實(shí)施 ................................................................................................................................ 42
任務(wù) 3-1 管理信息中心的用戶賬號 ......................................................................... 42
任務(wù) 3-2 管理信息中心的組賬號 ............................................................................. 45
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 ............................................................................................................................ 49
項(xiàng)目 4 管理 IP 網(wǎng)絡(luò) .....................................................................................52
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ................................................................................................................................ 52
項(xiàng)目描述 ................................................................................................................................ 52
項(xiàng)目分析 ................................................................................................................................ 53
相關(guān)知識 ................................................................................................................................ 53
4.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理服務(wù)....................................................................................................... 53
4.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理命令....................................................................................................... 54
4.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置文件....................................................................................................... 56
任務(wù)實(shí)施 ................................................................................................................................ 59
任務(wù) 4-1 通過命令方式在計(jì)算機(jī) A 上配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息 ............................................ 59
任務(wù) 4-2 通過命令方式在計(jì)算機(jī) B 上配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息............................................. 61
任務(wù) 4-3 通過配置文件方式在計(jì)算機(jī) C 上配置網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息..................................... 63
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 ............................................................................................................................ 66
項(xiàng)目 5 openEuler 操作系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)配置 .......................................................68
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ................................................................................................................................ 68
項(xiàng)目描述 ................................................................................................................................ 68
項(xiàng)目分析 ................................................................................................................................ 69
相關(guān)知識 ................................................................................................................................ 69
5.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的基本概念........................................................................................... 69
5.2 軟件倉庫源........................................................................................................... 70
5.3 系統(tǒng)時(shí)間............................................................................................................... 71
5.4 SSH 遠(yuǎn)程登錄 ...................................................................................................... 71
5.5 安全策略............................................................................................................... 72
項(xiàng)目實(shí)施 ................................................................................................................................ 72
任務(wù) 5-1 配置系統(tǒng)的基本環(huán)境 ................................................................................. 72
任務(wù) 5-2 配置系統(tǒng)的軟件倉庫源 ............................................................................. 74
任務(wù) 5-3 校準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)時(shí)間 ............................................................................................. 75
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 ............................................................................................................................ 77
項(xiàng)目 6 企業(yè)內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)存儲與共享 .................................................................79
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ................................................................................................................................ 79
項(xiàng)目描述 ................................................................................................................................ 79
項(xiàng)目分析 ................................................................................................................................ 80
相關(guān)知識 ................................................................................................................................ 81
6.1 openEuler 文件權(quán)限 ............................................................................................. 81
6.2 Samba 服務(wù) ........................................................................................................... 81
6.3 Samba 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ................................................................... 82
6.4 NFS 服務(wù) .............................................................................................................. 84
6.5 NFS 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ...................................................................... 84
任務(wù) 6-1 共享文件及權(quán)限的配置 ............................................................................. 85
任務(wù) 6-2 配置 Samba 服務(wù)器的用戶共享 ................................................................ 87
任務(wù) 6-3 配置 NFS 服務(wù)器的用戶共享 .................................................................... 90
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 ............................................................................................................................ 92
項(xiàng)目 7 部署企業(yè)的 DHCP 服務(wù) ....................................................................94
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) ................................................................................................................................ 94
項(xiàng)目描述 ................................................................................................................................ 94
項(xiàng)目分析 ................................................................................................................................ 95
相關(guān)知識 ................................................................................................................................ 95
7.1 DHCP 服務(wù)的概念 ............................................................................................... 95
7.2 DHCP 客戶端首次接入網(wǎng)絡(luò)的工作過程 ........................................................... 96
7.3 DHCP 客戶端 IP 地址租約的更新 ..................................................................... 99
7.4 DHCP 客戶端租用失敗的自動配置 ................................................................. 100
7.5 DHCP 中繼代理 ................................................................................................. 100
7.6 DHCP 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ................................................................. 101
項(xiàng)目實(shí)施 .............................................................................................................................. 104
任務(wù) 7-1 部署 DHCP 服務(wù) ...................................................................................... 104
任務(wù) 7-2 配置 DHCP 作用域 .................................................................................. 109
任務(wù) 7-3 配置 DHCP 中繼代理 .............................................................................. 111
目錄
信創(chuàng)服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)的配置與管理（openEuler 版）
任務(wù) 7-4 DHCP 服務(wù)器的日常運(yùn)維與管理 ........................................................... 115
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 .......................................................................................................................... 118
項(xiàng)目 8 部署企業(yè)的 DNS 服務(wù) ....................................................................120
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .............................................................................................................................. 120
項(xiàng)目描述 .............................................................................................................................. 120
項(xiàng)目分析 .............................................................................................................................. 121
相關(guān)知識 .............................................................................................................................. 122
8.1 DNS 的基本概念 ............................................................................................... 122
8.2 DNS 服務(wù)器的分類 ........................................................................................... 123
8.3 DNS 委派 ........................................................................................................... 124
8.4 DNS 服務(wù)器的查詢模式 ................................................................................... 124
8.5 DNS 的域名解析過程 ....................................................................................... 125
8.6 DNS 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ................................................................... 126
任務(wù)實(shí)施 .............................................................................................................................. 131
任務(wù) 8-1 部署北京總部的主 DNS 服務(wù)器 ............................................................. 131
任務(wù) 8-2 部署廣州分部的委派 DNS 服務(wù)器 ......................................................... 136
任務(wù) 8-3 部署香港辦事處的輔助 DNS 服務(wù)器 ..................................................... 142
任務(wù) 8-4 DNS 服務(wù)器的管理 .................................................................................. 145
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 .......................................................................................................................... 148
項(xiàng)目 9 部署企業(yè)的 Web 服務(wù).....................................................................151
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .............................................................................................................................. 151
項(xiàng)目描述 .............................................................................................................................. 151
項(xiàng)目分析 .............................................................................................................................. 152
相關(guān)知識 .............................................................................................................................. 152
9.1 Web 服務(wù)簡介 .................................................................................................... 152
9.2 URL 簡介............................................................................................................ 153
9.3 Apache 簡介........................................................................................................ 154
9.4 Web 服務(wù)器的工作原理 .................................................................................... 155
9.5 Apache 的常用文件及參數(shù)解析........................................................................ 155
9.6 HTTPS 簡介 ....................................................................................................... 157
項(xiàng)目實(shí)施 .............................................................................................................................. 158
任務(wù) 9-1 部署公司門戶網(wǎng)站 ................................................................................... 158
任務(wù) 9-2 基于 IP 地址和端口部署人事管理系統(tǒng)站點(diǎn) .......................................... 160
任務(wù) 9-3 基于 DNS 域名部署項(xiàng)目管理系統(tǒng)站點(diǎn) ................................................. 161
任務(wù) 9-4 基于 HTTPS 部署項(xiàng)目管理安全站點(diǎn) ....................................................... 163
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 .......................................................................................................................... 166
項(xiàng)目 10 部署企業(yè)的 FTP 服務(wù) ...................................................................169
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .............................................................................................................................. 169
項(xiàng)目描述 .............................................................................................................................. 169
項(xiàng)目分析 .............................................................................................................................. 170
相關(guān)知識 .............................................................................................................................. 171
10.1 FTP 的組成 ....................................................................................................... 171
10.2 常用 FTP 服務(wù)器和 FTP 客戶端 ..................................................................... 171
10.3 FTP 定義的典型消息 ....................................................................................... 172
10.4 匿名 FTP 與實(shí)名 FTP ...................................................................................... 173
10.5 FTP 的工作原理與工作方式 ........................................................................... 174
10.6 FTP 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ................................................................... 176
任務(wù)實(shí)施 .............................................................................................................................. 178
任務(wù) 10-1 部署公共 FTP 站點(diǎn) ................................................................................ 178
任務(wù) 10-2 部署部門 FTP 站點(diǎn) ................................................................................ 182
任務(wù) 10-3 配置 FTP 服務(wù)器權(quán)限 ............................................................................ 185
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 .......................................................................................................................... 189
項(xiàng)目 11 部署企業(yè)的 Squid 代理服務(wù) ..........................................................193
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .............................................................................................................................. 193
項(xiàng)目描述 .............................................................................................................................. 193
項(xiàng)目分析 .............................................................................................................................. 194
相關(guān)知識 .............................................................................................................................. 194
11.1 Squid 的基本概念 ............................................................................................ 194
11.2 Squid 代理服務(wù)的工作過程 ............................................................................ 195
11.3 正向代理 ........................................................................................................... 196
11.4 反向代理 ........................................................................................................... 196
11.5 正向代理和反向代理的區(qū)別 ........................................................................... 197
11.6 透明代理 ........................................................................................................... 197
11.7 Squid ACL ......................................................................................................... 197
11.8 Squid 代理服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ........................................................ 198
項(xiàng)目實(shí)施 .............................................................................................................................. 200
任務(wù) 11-1 部署企業(yè)的正向代理服務(wù) ..................................................................... 200
任務(wù) 11-2 設(shè)置企業(yè)的 Squid ACL 規(guī)則 ................................................................. 203
任務(wù) 11-3 部署企業(yè)的反向代理服務(wù) ..................................................................... 205
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 .......................................................................................................................... 207
目錄
信創(chuàng)服務(wù)器操作系統(tǒng)的配置與管理（openEuler 版）
項(xiàng)目 12 部署企業(yè)的郵件服務(wù) ....................................................................210
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .............................................................................................................................. 210
項(xiàng)目描述 .............................................................................................................................. 210
項(xiàng)目分析 .............................................................................................................................. 210
相關(guān)知識 .............................................................................................................................. 211
12.1 POP3、SMTP 與 IMAP .................................................................................. 211
12.2 郵件系統(tǒng)及其工作原理 ................................................................................... 212
12.3 Postfix ............................................................................................................... 214
12.4 Dovecot ............................................................................................................. 215
12.5 Postfix 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) .............................................................. 215
12.6 Dovecot 服務(wù)常用的配置文件及參數(shù) ............................................................ 216
項(xiàng)目實(shí)施 .............................................................................................................................. 218
任務(wù) 12-1 配置 Postfix 服務(wù) .................................................................................... 218
任務(wù) 12-2 配置 Dovecot 服務(wù) .................................................................................. 222
任務(wù) 12-3 為 DNS 服務(wù)器添加郵件域名主機(jī)記錄 ............................................... 225
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 .......................................................................................................................... 230
項(xiàng)目 13 部署 openEuler 防火墻 .................................................................233
學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo) .............................................................................................................................. 233
項(xiàng)目描述 .............................................................................................................................. 233
項(xiàng)目分析 .............................................................................................................................. 234
相關(guān)知識 .............................................................................................................................. 235
13.1 防火墻的類型 ................................................................................................... 235
13.2 Netfilter ............................................................................................................. 235
13.3 iptables .............................................................................................................. 236
13.4 Firewalld ........................................................................................................... 236
13.5 firewall-cmd ...................................................................................................... 237
任務(wù)實(shí)施 .............................................................................................................................. 238
任務(wù) 13-1 配置 NAT ................................................................................................. 238
任務(wù) 13-2 配置防火墻規(guī)則 ..................................................................................... 240
任務(wù) 13-3 配置防火墻富規(guī)則 ................................................................................. 241
練習(xí)與實(shí)踐 .......................................................................................................................... 243