xxxfreesexmoves-haodiaocao这里只有精品视频-欧美性受黑人性爽-欧美性受xxxxxx黑人xyx性爽|www.jsyyzsb.com

本書(shū)包括"概述”"直連網(wǎng)絡(luò)”"網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連”"端到端的通信”"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用層協(xié)議”共 5 章內(nèi)容，較為系統(tǒng)全面地介紹了計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的基本原理和基本應(yīng)用："直連網(wǎng)絡(luò)”中介紹了數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，"網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連”中介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，"端到端的通信”中介紹了運(yùn)輸層的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，"互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用層協(xié)議”介紹了應(yīng)用層的相關(guān)內(nèi)容。每章都包含若干實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容，且在最后附有習(xí)題，與其他計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)書(shū)籍不同，本書(shū)中與協(xié)議分析相關(guān)的主觀題居多，而計(jì)算題相對(duì)較少，需要較多計(jì)算題的讀者，可以參考由電子工業(yè)出版社出版、謝希仁教授編著的《計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)釋疑與習(xí)題解答》一書(shū)。 本書(shū)需要讀者具備初步的 Python 編程經(jīng)驗(yàn)；當(dāng)然，具備 C、C++或 Java 編程經(jīng)驗(yàn)的讀者，也能夠理解本書(shū)中的 Python 程序。無(wú)編程經(jīng)驗(yàn)的讀者可以忽略與 Python 相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)內(nèi)容。本書(shū)可作為計(jì)算機(jī)類專業(yè)和電氣信息類專業(yè)的本科生教材，也可作為非計(jì)算機(jī)類相關(guān)專業(yè)的研究生教材；對(duì)于 IT 行業(yè)的從業(yè)人員及計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程的從業(yè)人員，本書(shū)也具有一定的參考價(jià)值。

李志遠(yuǎn)，桂林航天工業(yè)學(xué)院教授，原廣西本科高校計(jì)算機(jī)類專業(yè)教學(xué)指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)委員，從事計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)教學(xué)及科研工作20余年，榮獲廣西區(qū)教育教學(xué)改項(xiàng)目二等獎(jiǎng)，出版《計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)綜合實(shí)驗(yàn)教程——協(xié)議分析與應(yīng)用》等教材。

第 1 章 概述............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)簡(jiǎn)介 ...................................................................................................................1
1.1.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的定義 ...................................................................................................1
1.1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分類 ...................................................................................................3
1.1.3 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)邊緣部分 .......................................................................................................5
1.1.4 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)核心部分 .......................................................................................................6
1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能指標(biāo) .......................................................................................................8
1.2.1 速率...........................................................................................................................8
1.2.2 帶寬...........................................................................................................................9
1.2.3 時(shí)延（delay） ........................................................................................................12
1.2.4 吞吐量.....................................................................................................................15
1.2.5 丟包率.....................................................................................................................18
1.3 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu) .........................................................................................................18
1.3.1 分層的體系結(jié)構(gòu) .....................................................................................................18
1.3.2 協(xié)議與分層.............................................................................................................20
1.3.3 TCP/IP 體系結(jié)構(gòu) ....................................................................................................26
1.4 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的發(fā)展 .....................................................................................................................28
1.4.1 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的起源.........................................................................................................28
1.4.2 TCP/IP 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的根基 ............................................................................................29
1.4.3 NSF 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的推進(jìn)者.............................................................................................30
1.4.4 WWW：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的“分水嶺”..............................................................................30
1.4.5 移動(dòng)互聯(lián)網(wǎng).............................................................................................................31
1.5 本章實(shí)驗(yàn).............................................................................................................................32
1.5.1 實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境配置.........................................................................................................32
1.5.2 協(xié)議封裝.................................................................................................................34
1.5.3 越層封裝.................................................................................................................36
習(xí)題 .............................................................................................................................................40
第 2 章 直連網(wǎng)絡(luò)..................................................................................................................................43
2.1 直連網(wǎng)絡(luò).............................................................................................................................43
2.1.1 直連網(wǎng)絡(luò)的概念 .....................................................................................................43
2.1.2 直連網(wǎng)絡(luò)的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸 .............................................................................................44
2.1.3 直連網(wǎng)絡(luò)的硬件組成 .............................................................................................45
2.1.4 導(dǎo)向傳輸媒體.........................................................................................................46
2.1.5 非導(dǎo)向傳輸媒體 .....................................................................................................53
2.2 編碼.....................................................................................................................................57
2.2.1 不歸零編碼 NRZ（Non-Return to Zero）.............................................................58
2.2.2 曼徹斯特編碼（Manchester Encoding）...............................................................59
2.2.3 差分曼徹斯特編碼（Differential Manchester Encoding） ...................................59
2.3 成幀.....................................................................................................................................60
2.3.1 面向字符的協(xié)議 PPP..............................................................................................60
2.3.2 面向比特的協(xié)議 HDLC .........................................................................................65
2.4 差錯(cuò)檢測(cè).............................................................................................................................68
2.5 廣播式以太網(wǎng) .....................................................................................................................70
2.5.1 以太網(wǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn).............................................................................................................70
2.5.2 以太網(wǎng) MAC 幀......................................................................................................72
2.5.3 以太網(wǎng) MAC 地址..................................................................................................74
2.5.4 傳輸媒體接入控制 .................................................................................................76
2.5.5 10BASE-T 網(wǎng)絡(luò)......................................................................................................83
2.6 交換機(jī).................................................................................................................................84
2.6.1 交換機(jī)概述.............................................................................................................84
2.6.2 交換機(jī) MAC 地址學(xué)習(xí) ..........................................................................................85
2.6.3 虛擬局域網(wǎng) VLAN .................................................................................................87
2.7 高速以太網(wǎng).........................................................................................................................91
2.7.1 快速以太網(wǎng).............................................................................................................91
2.7.2 吉比特以太網(wǎng).........................................................................................................94
2.7.3 10 吉比特以太網(wǎng) ....................................................................................................95
2.7.4 40 吉比特以太網(wǎng)（40GbE）.................................................................................96
2.8 本章實(shí)驗(yàn).............................................................................................................................98
2.8.1 虛擬局域網(wǎng).............................................................................................................98
2.8.2 交換機(jī) MAC 地址學(xué)習(xí) ........................................................................................103
2.8.3 幀的發(fā)送與接收 ...................................................................................................104
習(xí)題 ...........................................................................................................................................106
第 3 章 網(wǎng)絡(luò)互連................................................................................................................................109
3.1 互連網(wǎng)絡(luò)...........................................................................................................................109
3.1.1 互連網(wǎng)絡(luò)的概念 ...................................................................................................109
3.1.2 路由器...................................................................................................................113
3.1.3 集線器、交換機(jī)和路由器 ...................................................................................116
3.2 網(wǎng)際協(xié)議 IP.......................................................................................................................118
3.2.1 IPv4 編址...............................................................................................................119
3.2.2 劃分子網(wǎng)........................................................................................................................125
3.2.3 路由表與轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)表 ...................................................................................................129
3.2.4 路由器分組轉(zhuǎn)發(fā) ...................................................................................................131
3.2.5 DHCP 協(xié)議 ...........................................................................................................135
3.2.6 地址解析協(xié)議 ARP ..............................................................................................141
3.2.7 網(wǎng)絡(luò)地址轉(zhuǎn)換 NAT ..............................................................................................145
3.2.8 IP 分組的格式.......................................................................................................147
3.2.9 網(wǎng)際控制報(bào)文協(xié)議 ICMP.....................................................................................152
3.3 路由選擇協(xié)議 ...................................................................................................................160
3.3.1 概述.......................................................................................................................160
3.3.2 內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 RIP................................................................................................162
3.3.3 內(nèi)部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 OSPF.............................................................................................170
3.3.4 外部網(wǎng)關(guān)協(xié)議 BGP ..............................................................................................182
3.4 多協(xié)議標(biāo)簽交換 MPLS....................................................................................................199
3.4.1 概述.......................................................................................................................199
3.4.2 MPLS 中的幾個(gè)基本概念....................................................................................200
3.4.3 MPLS 的基本操作................................................................................................202
3.4.4 標(biāo)簽分發(fā)協(xié)議 LDP...............................................................................................204
3.5 IPV6 ...................................................................................................................................216
3.5.1 概述.......................................................................................................................216
3.5.2 IPv6 分組的格式...................................................................................................216
3.5.3 IPv6 地址...............................................................................................................220
3.5.4 ICMPv6 .................................................................................................................226
3.5.5 鄰站發(fā)現(xiàn)協(xié)議 NDP ..............................................................................................228
3.5.6 重復(fù)地址檢測(cè) DAD..............................................................................................234
3.6 本章實(shí)驗(yàn)...........................................................................................................................236
3.6.1 獨(dú)臂路由接入互連網(wǎng)絡(luò) .......................................................................................236
3.6.2 DHCP 與 NAT.......................................................................................................240
3.6.3 單區(qū)域的 OSPF 的配置........................................................................................245
3.6.4 簡(jiǎn)單的路由追蹤程序的實(shí)現(xiàn) ...............................................................................248
3.6.5 ARP 協(xié)議實(shí)現(xiàn)活動(dòng)主機(jī)的探測(cè)...........................................................................249
習(xí)題 ...........................................................................................................................................252
第 4 章 端到端的通信........................................................................................................................259
4.1 端到端的概念 ...................................................................................................................259
4.1.1 端系統(tǒng)與網(wǎng)絡(luò)層 ...................................................................................................259
4.1.2 端口的概念...........................................................................................................261
4.1.3 端口監(jiān)聽(tīng)的概念 ...................................................................................................262
4.2 UDP...................................................................................................................................263
4.2.1 概述.......................................................................................................................263
4.2.2 UDP 的特點(diǎn)..........................................................................................................263
4.2.3 UDP 報(bào)文的格式 ..................................................................................................265
4.3 TCP....................................................................................................................................267
4.3.1 TCP 概述...............................................................................................................268
4.3.2 TCP 連接的概念...................................................................................................270
4.3.2 TCP 可靠的傳輸...................................................................................................271
4.3.4 TCP 報(bào)文段的格式...............................................................................................275
4.3.5 發(fā)送 TCP 報(bào)文段的時(shí)機(jī)......................................................................................281
4.3.6 TCP 超時(shí)重傳時(shí)間...............................................................................................284
4.3.6 TCP 流量控制.......................................................................................................287
4.3.7 TCP 擁塞控制.......................................................................................................293
4.3.8 主動(dòng)隊(duì)列管理 AQM.............................................................................................302
4.3.9 TCP 連接管理.......................................................................................................303
4.3.10 TCP 連接的管理模型.........................................................................................308
4.3.11 TCP 定時(shí)器.........................................................................................................311
4.4 TCP 與 UDP 的區(qū)別.........................................................................................................311
4.5 本章實(shí)驗(yàn)...........................................................................................................................312
4.5.1 Socket 程序 ...........................................................................................................313
4.5.2 通用的建立 TCP 連接的程序..............................................................................318
4.5.3 端口掃描程序.......................................................................................................323
習(xí)題 ...........................................................................................................................................329
第 5 章 互聯(lián)網(wǎng)應(yīng)用層協(xié)議................................................................................................................334
5.1 域名系統(tǒng) DNS ..................................................................................................................334
5.1.1 概述.......................................................................................................................334
5.1.2 域名空間...............................................................................................................335
5.1.3 資源記錄...............................................................................................................337
5.1.4 域名服務(wù)器...........................................................................................................341
5.1.5 域名的解析過(guò)程 ...................................................................................................344
5.1.6 DNS 報(bào)文的格式 ..................................................................................................348
5.2 WEB 與 HTTP....................................................................................................................353
5.2.1 HTTP 協(xié)議............................................................................................................353
5.2.2 HTTP 報(bào)文的格式 ................................................................................................359
5.2.3 代理服務(wù)器...........................................................................................................362
5.2.4 數(shù)據(jù)同步...............................................................................................................364
5.3 文件傳輸協(xié)議 FTP ...........................................................................................................369
5.3.1 概述.......................................................................................................................369
5.3.2 FTP 的工作方式 ...................................................................................................369
5.3.3 FTP 會(huì)話 ...............................................................................................................373
5.4 簡(jiǎn)單文件傳輸協(xié)議 TFTP.................................................................................................374
5.4.1 概述.......................................................................................................................374
5.4.2 TFTP 分組的格式.................................................................................................375
5.4.3 TFTP 實(shí)例分析.....................................................................................................377
5.5 遠(yuǎn)程登錄 TELNET..............................................................................................................379
5.5.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)虛擬終端 NVT..............................................................................................379
5.5.2 Telnet 控制命令 ....................................................................................................380
5.5.3 選項(xiàng)協(xié)商...............................................................................................................381
5.5.4 Telnet 的使用 ........................................................................................................384
5.5.5 Telnet 傳輸效率 ....................................................................................................386
5.5.6 NVT 的安全性......................................................................................................387
5.6 電子郵件 EMAIL................................................................................................................388
5.6.1 概述.......................................................................................................................388
5.6.2 簡(jiǎn)單郵件傳輸協(xié)議 SMTP....................................................................................389
5.6.3 電子郵件的基本格式 ...........................................................................................392
5.6.4 郵局訪問(wèn)協(xié)議 POP3.............................................................................................393
5.6.5 基于 Web 的電子郵件..........................................................................................399
5.6.6 通用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)郵件擴(kuò)充 MIME ...............................................................................400
5.7 本章實(shí)驗(yàn)...........................................................................................................................404
5.7.1 VMware 中安裝 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS .....................................................................404
5.7.2 安裝配置 DNS ......................................................................................................405
5.7.3 安裝配置 Web 服務(wù)..............................................................................................411
5.7.4 域名解析客戶程序設(shè)計(jì) .......................................................................................419
習(xí)題 ...........................................................................................................................................423
附錄 A 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)常用縮略詞 ........................................................................................................427
參考文獻(xiàn)................................................................................................................................................431