1.通過(guò)整理近年來(lái)參考新托福考試的考生回憶機(jī)經(jīng)，盡可能地還原新托福考試閱讀部分的文章和試題。2.在每一篇文章后針對(duì)相對(duì)文章中的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)展開(kāi)講述，幫助學(xué)生更準(zhǔn)確地理解文章，更有效地解答題目。3.同時(shí)，本書(shū)總結(jié)了每一篇文章中有用的詞、句、段落，以便考生在閱讀文章之后，也能積累語(yǔ)言素材，以外收獲寫(xiě)作提分之喜。
劉文勇，北京樂(lè)聞攜爾教育咨詢有限公司創(chuàng)始人，自稱為渾身贅肉、有問(wèn)必答的熱心話嘮，教授托福、SAT、GRE、GMAT。作品有“新托福真題詳解”系列圖書(shū)、“新托福百日百句百篇”系列圖書(shū)、《去美國(guó)讀本科》《去美國(guó)讀研究生》等。
Development of the Newspaper in America
The modern newspaper is a European invention. The oldest direct ancestor of the
modern newspaper appears to have been the handwritten news sheets that circulated
widely in the sixteenth century in Venice, which was a center for trade and, therefore, for
information. With very few exceptions, the early newspapers never reported any news about
the country in which they were printed. Print shops were tightly regulated; Europe’s rulers
allowed them to print newspapers as long as these papers did not discuss any local or
national issues or events.
Britain’s American colonies entered the world of the newspaper relatively late. It was
not until 1690 that the first American newssheet—Boston’s Publick Occurrences published
by Benjamin Harris—made its debut. The Massachusetts authorities, in high resentment
towards that Harris dared to report that English military forces had allied themselves with
“miserable” savages, put him out of business four days later, so the first issue of America’s
first newspaper was also the last. The Boston News-Letter, America’s second printed
newspaper, published fourteen years later, was a much tamer affair than Harris’s paper. In
the following years, newspapers appeared successively in almost every colony. By ?7??,
all but two of the colonies, Delaware and New Jersey, had weekly newspapers. These early
papers were careful not to offend colonial authorities, and were filled primarily with short
news items, documents and essays mostly taken from other newspapers, particularly British
and European papers.
The major limitation on press freedom was the stamp tax passed by the British
Parliament in ?7??, which had the effect of raising the price of newspapers to the point where
the poorer classes could not afford to buy them. As Americans were not represented in this
Parliament, American newspapers rebelled against the new tax. Similar protest
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