隨著微電子技術與計算機技術的飛速發展，以及先進的電子設計自動化（EDA）技術及現場可編程門陣列（FPGA）器件的廣泛應用，現代數字邏輯電路與系統的設計理念及實現技術已經發生了翻天覆地的變化。本書以微處理器系統作為復雜數字邏輯系統的代表，在簡要介紹其工作原理的基礎上，以CPU硬件結構框圖為線索貫穿各個章節，詳細講述了如何構建基本組合/時序邏輯元件、如何利用已有元件組建數據通路與控制單元部件、如何利用已有部件實現一個通用CPU，以及如何通過進一步添加簡單的輸入輸出接口來*終搭建出一個完整的微處理器系統。本書通過在簡單的數字邏輯元件與復雜的實用數字邏輯系統之間搭建橋梁，能夠幫助讀者深刻理解數字邏輯組件的設計與使用方法，進而全面和清晰地把握復雜數字系統的EDA設計與實現技術要點。本書及相關網站提供了豐富的實用學習資源，所有設計示例都提供了電路圖以及Verilog與VHDL源碼。
本書通過在簡單的數字邏輯元件與復雜的實用數字邏輯系統之間搭建橋梁，能夠幫助讀者深刻理解數字邏輯組件的設計與使用方法，進而全面和清晰地把握復雜數字系統的EDA設計與實現技術要點。本書及相關網站提供了豐富的實用學習資源，所有設計示例都提供了電路圖以及Verilog與VHDL源碼。
閻波 遼寧鞍山人，1973年生，民盟成員。現為電子科技大學教授，電子科技大學核心課程（微處理器系統結構與嵌入式系統設計）首席教授，四川省電子學會嵌入式與SoC專委會秘書長。目前主要研究方向為通信ASIC設計、嵌入式微系統設計、人工智能與物聯網定位、信號分析與信息處理等。發表SCI、EI收錄論文20余篇，主編十二五普通高等教育本科國家級規劃教材1本，出版教材和專著10余部。朱曉章 河北保定人，1984年生。現為電子科技大學副教授，成都人才計劃特聘專家，電子科技大學2016年度人物。目前主要研究方向為高精度空間定位、復雜電磁環境中的信號與信息處理等。發表SCI、EI收錄論文20余篇（其中JCR-2區兩篇），申請國家發明專利20余項，孵化學科性公司四川中電昆辰科技有限公司。姚毅 四川成都人，1983年生。現為電子科技大學講師，歐洲魯汶大學（KUL）訪問學者。目前主要研究方向為通信信號處理、信息隱藏技術、超大規模集成電路設計等。承擔或參與多項國家級、省部級科研項目，發表SCI 、EI收錄論文10余篇，參與編寫教材和著作3部。PrefaceThis book is about the digital logic design of microprocessors, and is intended to provide both an understanding of the basic principles of digital logic design, and how these fundamental principles are applied in the building of complex microprocessor circuits using current technologies. Although the basic principles of digital logic designhave not changed, the design process and the implementation of the circuits have. With the advances in fully integrated modern hardware computer-aided design (CAD) tools for logic synthesis, simulation, and the implementation of digital circuits in field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), it is now possible to design and implement complex digital circuits very easily and quickly.Many excellent books on digital logic design have followed the traditional approach of introducing the basic principles and theories of digital logic design and the building of separate standard combinational and sequential components. However, students are left to wonder about the purpose of these individual components and how they are used in the building of more complex digital circuits, such as microcontrollers and microprocessors that are used in controlling real-world electronic devices. The primary goal of this book is to fill in this gap by going beyond the logic principles and the building of basic standard components. The book discusses in detail how the basic components are combined together to form datapaths, how control units are designed, and how these two main components (datapath and control unit) are connected together to produce actual dedicated custom microprocessors and general-purpose microprocessors. The book ends with an entire chapter containing many examples on how microprocessors are interfaced with real-world devices.Many texts on digital logic design and implementation techniques mainly focus on the logic gate level. At this low level, it is difficult to discuss larger and more complex circuits that are beyond the standard combinational and sequential circuits. However, with the introduction of the register-transfer technique for designing datapaths and the concept of a finite-state machine for control units, we can easily design a dedicated microprocessor for any arbitrary algorithm and then implement it on a FPGA chip to execute that algorithm. The book uses an easy-to-understand ground-up approach with complete circuit diagrams, and both Verilog and VHDL codes, starting with the building of basic digital components. These components are then used in the building of more complex components, and finally the building of the complete dedicated microprocessor circuit. The construction of a general-purpose microprocessor then comes naturally as a generalization of a dedicated microprocessor. At the end, students will have a complete understanding of how to design, construct, and implement fully working custom microprocessors.
Design of Circuits using Verilog and VHDLAlthough this book provides coverage on both Verilog and VHDL for all of the circuits, this information can be omitted entirely while gaining an understanding of digital circuits and their design. For an introductory course in digital logic design, learning the basic principles is more important than learning how to use a hardware description language (HDL). In fact, instructors may find that students can get lost in learning the principles while trying to learn the language at the same time. With this in mind, the Verilog and VHDL code in the text is totally independent of the presentation of each topic and may be skipped without any loss
Enoch O. Hwang 于美國加州大學Riverside分校獲計算機科學博士學位，目前是南加州Sierra大學計算機科學系助理教授，加州大學Riverside分校電子工程系、計算機科學與工程系講師，主要講授數字邏輯設計課程。
Enoch O. Hwang 于美國加州大學Riverside分校獲計算機科學博士學位，目前是南加州Sierra大學計算機科學系助理教授，加州大學Riverside分校電子工程系、計算機科學與工程系講師，主要講授數字邏輯設計課程。
Chapter 1 Introduction to Microprocessor Design
1.1 Overview of Microprocessor Design
1.2 Design Abstraction Levels
1.3 Examples of a 2-to-1 Multiplexer
1.3.1 Behavioral Level
1.3.2 Gate Level
1.3.3 Transistor Level
1.4 Introduction to Hardware Description Language
1.5 Synthesis
1.6 Going Forward
1.7 Problems
Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Digital Circuits
2.1 Binary Numbers
2.1.1 Counting in Binary
2.1.2 Converting between Binary and Decimal
2.1.3 Octal and Hexadecimal Notations
2.1.4 Binary Number Arithmetic
2.2 Negative Numbers
2.2.1 Twos Complement Representation
2.2.2 Sign Extension
2.2.3 Signed Number Arithmetic
2.3 Binary Switch
2.4 Basic Logic Operators and Logic Expressions
2.5 Logic Gates
2.6 Truth Tables
2.7 Boolean Algebra and Boolean Equations
2.7.1 Boolean Algebra
2.7.2 Duality Principle
2.7.3 Boolean Functions and Their Inverses
2.8 Minterms and Maxterms
2.8.1 Minterms
2.8.2 Maxterms
2.9 Canonical, Standard, and Non-Standard Forms
2.10 Digital Circuits
2.11 Designing a Car Security System
2.12 Verilog and VHDL Code for Digital Circuits
2.12.1 Verilog Code for a Boolean Function
2.12.2 VHDL Code for a Boolean Function
2.13 Problems
Chapter 3 Combinational Circuits 65
3.1 Analysis of Combinational Circuits
3.1.1 Using a Truth Table
3.1.2 Using a Boolean Function
3.2 Synthesis of Combinational Circuits
3.2.1 Using Only NAND Gates
3.3 Minimization of Combinational Circuits
3.3.1 Boolean Algebra
3.3.2 Karnaugh Maps
3.3.3 Dont-Cares
3.3.4 Tabulation Method
3.4 Timing Hazards and Glitches
3.4.1 Using Glitches
3.5 BCD to 7-Segment Decoder
3.6 Verilog and VHDL Code for Combinational Circuits
3.6.1 Structural Verilog Code
3.6.2 Structural VHDL Code
3.6.3 Dataflow Verilog Code
3.6.4 Dataflow VHDL Code
3.6.5 Behavioral Verilog Code
3.6.6 Behavioral VHDL Code
3.7 Problems
Chapter 4 Standard Combinational Components
4.1 Signal Naming Conventions
4.2 Multiplexer
4.3 Adder
4.3.1 Full Adder
4.3.2 Ripple-Carry Adder
4.3.3 Carry-Lookahead Adder
4.4 Subtractor
4.5 Adder-Subtractor Combination
4.6 Arithmetic Logic Unit
4.7 Decoder
4.8 Tri-State Buffer
4.9 Comparator
4.10 Shifter
4.11 Multiplier
4.12 Problems
Chapter 5 Sequential Circuits
5.1 Bistable Element
5.2 SR Latch
5.3 Car Security SystemVersion 2
5.4 SR Latch with Enable
5.5 D Latch
5.6 D Latch with Enable
5.7 Verilog and VHDL Code for Memory Elements
5.7.1 VHDL Code for a D Latch with Enable
5.7.2 Verilog Code for a D Latch with Enable
5.8 Clock
5.9 D Flip-Flop
5.9.1 Alternative Smaller Circuit
5.10 D Flip-Flop with Enable
5.10.1 Asynchronous Inputs
5.11 Description of a Flip-Flop
5.11.1 Characteristic Table
5.11.2 Characteristic Equation
5.11.3 State Diagram
5.12 Register
5.13 Register File
5.14 Memories
5.14.1 ROM
5.14.2 RAM
5.15 Shift Registers
5.15.1 Serial-to-Parallel Shift Register
5.15.2 Serial-to-Parallel and Parallel-to-Serial Shift Register
5.15.3 Linear Feedback Shift Register
5.16 Counters
5.16.1 Binary Up Counter
5.16.2 Binary Up Counter with Parallel Load
5.17 Timing Issues
5.18 Problems
Chapter 6 Finite-State Machines
6.1 Finite-State Machine Models
6.2 State Diagrams
6.3 Analysis of Finite-State Machines
6.3.1 Next-State Equations
6.3.2 Next-State Table
6.3.3 Output Equations
6.3.4 Output Table
6.3.5 State Diagram
6.3.6 Example
6.4 Synthesis of Finite-State Machines
6.4.1 State Diagram
6.4.2 Next-State Table
6.4.3 Next-State Equations
6.4.4 Output Table and Output Equations
6.4.5 FSM Circuit
6.5 Optimizations for FSMs
6.5.1 State Reduction
6.5.2 State Encoding
6.5.3 Unused States
6.6 FSM Construction Examples
6.6.1 Car Security SystemVersion 3
6.6.2 Modulo-6 Up-Counter
6.6.3 One-Shot Circuit
6.6.4 Simple Microprocessor Control Unit
6.6.5 Elevator Controller Using a Moore FSM
6.6.6 Elevator Controller Using a Mealy FSM
6.7 Verilog and VHDL Code for FSM Circuits
6.7.1 Behavioral Verilog Code for a Moore FSM
6.7.2 Behavioral Verilog Code for a Mealy FSM
6.7.3 Behavioral VHDL Code for a Moore FSM
6.7.4 Behavioral VHDL Code for a Mealy FSM
6.8 Problems
Chapter 7 Dedicated Microprocessors
7.1 Need for a Datapath
7.2 Constructing the Datapath
7.2.1 Selecting Registers
7.2.2 Selecting Functional Units
7.2.3 Data Transfer Methods
7.2.4 Generating Status Signals
7.3 Constructing the Control Unit
7.3.1 Deriving the Control Signals
7.3.2 Deriving the State Diagram
7.3.3 Timing Issues
7.3.4 Deriving the FSM Circuit
7.4 Constructing the Complete Microprocessor
7.5 Dedicated Microprocessor Construction Examples
7.5.1 Greatest Common Divisor
7.5.2 High-Low Number Guessing Game
7.5.3 Traffic Light Controller
7.6 Verilog and VHDL Code for Dedicated Microprocessors
7.6.1 FSM1D Model
7.6.2 FSMD Model
7.6.3 Algorithmic Model
7.7 Problems
Chapter 8 General-Purpose Microprocessors
8.1 Overview of the CPU Design
8.2 The EC-1 General-Purpose Microprocessor
8.2.1 Instruction Set
8.2.2 Datapath
8.2.3 Control Unit
8.2.4 Complete Circuit
8.2.5 Sample Program
8.2.6 Simulation
8.2.7 Hardware Implementation
8.3 The EC-2 General-Purpose Microprocessor
8.3.1 Instruction Set
8.3.2 Datapath
8.3.3 Control Unit
8.3.4 Complete Circuit
8.3.5 Sample Program
8.3.6 Hardware Implementation
8.4 Extending the EC-2 Instruction Set
Chapter 9 Interfacing Microprocessors
9.1 Multiplexing 7-Segment LED Display
9.1.1 Theory of Operation
9.1.2 Controller Design
9.2 Issues with Interfacing Switches
9.3 34 Keypad Controller
9.3.1 Theory of Operation
9.3.2 Controller Design
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