本書在論述計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)的基本概念、協(xié)議與體系結(jié)構(gòu)及組網(wǎng)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上,較為全面地介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)、路由與交換技術(shù)、Internet 接入技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì)、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全與管理以及部分典型的計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)驗(yàn)等相關(guān)內(nèi)容。通過本書的學(xué)習(xí),不但可以對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)有一個(gè)較為深入、全面的了解,而且能夠具備一定的網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置與實(shí)踐技能。
為便于學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)過程中更好地掌握所學(xué)知識(shí),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生分析問題和解決問題的能力,在每章后都附有思考題供學(xué)生選做。本書既可以作為高等院校計(jì)算機(jī)相關(guān)專業(yè)的教材和參考書,也可以作為從事計(jì)算機(jī)相關(guān)專業(yè)工作科研和工程技術(shù)人員的學(xué)習(xí)參考書。
目 錄
第 1 章計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)概述 ................................................................................................
1
1.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展 ......................................................................................................
1
1.1.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的發(fā)展歷程 ..................................................................................
1
1.1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)在中國的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 .......................................................................
2
1.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)概述 ..........................................................................................................
4
1.2.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)定義 ..............................................................................................
4
1.2.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的功能 ..........................................................................................
4
1.3 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的組成 ......................................................................................................
5
1.3.1 通信子網(wǎng) ..........................................................................................................
5
1.3.2 資源子網(wǎng) ..........................................................................................................
6
1.4 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的分類 ......................................................................................................
6
1.4.1 按覆蓋范圍進(jìn)行分類 ......................................................................................
6
1.4.2 按通信方式進(jìn)行分類 ......................................................................................
7
1.4.3 按其他方式進(jìn)行分類 ......................................................................................
7
1.5 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) ..............................................................................................
8
1.5.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)拓?fù)涞亩x ..................................................................................
8
1.5.2 拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu)的類型 ..............................................................................................
8
1.6 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的典型應(yīng)用 ............................................................................................
10
1.7 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的主要性能指標(biāo) ................................................................................................
11
思考題 ................................................................................................................................
12
第2 章計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議與體系結(jié)構(gòu) ............................................................................
13
2.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議 ....................................................................................................................
13
2.1.1 協(xié)議的本質(zhì) ....................................................................................................
13
2.1.2 協(xié)議的功能和種類 ........................................................................................
13
2.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu) ................................................................................................
15
2.2.1 層次性體系結(jié)構(gòu)的工作流程.........................................................................
15
2.2.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)體系結(jié)構(gòu)的基本知識(shí) .................................................................
15
2.3 OSI 七層參考模型 .....................................................................................................
16
2.3.1 OSI 七層參考模型的層次劃分與功能 .........................................................
16
2.3.2 OSI 參考模型節(jié)點(diǎn)間的數(shù)據(jù)流 .....................................................................
18
2.4 TCP/IP 參考模型 .......................................................................................................
20
2.4.1 TCP/IP 參考模型的基本知識(shí)........................................................................
20
2.4.2 TCP/IP 四層模型的層次劃分與功能 ............................................................
20
2.5 網(wǎng)絡(luò)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織與參考模型 ................................................................................
21
2.5.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)相關(guān)的三個(gè)著名標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織 .................................................................
21
2.5.2 OSI 與TCP/IP 體系結(jié)構(gòu)的對(duì)比 ...................................................................
22
2.6 IP 協(xié)議 ........................................................................................................................
22
2.6.1 IP 地址的分類 ................................................................................................
24
2.6.2 IP 子網(wǎng)劃分 ....................................................................................................
25
2.6.3 IPv6
.................................................................................................................
28
思考題 ................................................................................................................................
31
第3 章局域網(wǎng)技術(shù) .....................................................................................................
32
3.1 局域網(wǎng)概述 ................................................................................................................
32
3.1.1 局域網(wǎng)定義 ....................................................................................................
32
3.1.2 局域網(wǎng)的功能與特點(diǎn) ....................................................................................
32
3.1.3 局域網(wǎng)協(xié)議標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ............................................................................................
33
3.1.4 局域網(wǎng)的拓?fù)浣Y(jié)構(gòu) ........................................................................................
33
3.2 局域網(wǎng)硬件 ................................................................................................................
35
3.2.1 服務(wù)器和工作站 ............................................................................................
35
3.2.2 網(wǎng)卡 ................................................................................................................
35
3.2.3 傳輸介質(zhì) ........................................................................................................
36
3.2.4 其他網(wǎng)絡(luò)硬件設(shè)備 ........................................................................................
39
3.3 局域網(wǎng)軟件 ................................................................................................................
41
思考題 ................................................................................................................................
42
第4 章服務(wù)器與網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng) ...................................................................................
43
4.1 服務(wù)器概述 ................................................................................................................
43
4.1.1 服務(wù)器的特點(diǎn)和分類 ....................................................................................
43
4.1.2 服務(wù)器的選購 ................................................................................................
43
4.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng) ............................................................................................................
44
4.2.1 Windows Server 2003
.....................................................................................
44
4.2.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)的使用與比較.........................................................................
45
思考題 ................................................................................................................................
46
第5 章路由與交換技術(shù) ..............................................................................................
47
5.1 交換機(jī)的配置 ............................................................................................................
47
5.1.1 認(rèn)識(shí)交換機(jī) ....................................................................................................
47
5.1.2 交換機(jī)配置基礎(chǔ) ............................................................................................
48
5.1.3 交換機(jī)端口配置 ............................................................................................
49
5.1.4 交換機(jī)的工作機(jī)制 ........................................................................................
51
5.2 路由器的配置 ............................................................................................................
51
5.2.1 路由器基礎(chǔ)知識(shí) ............................................................................................
51
5.2.2 路由器配置基礎(chǔ) ............................................................................................
52
5.3 虛擬局域網(wǎng) ................................................................................................................
54
5.3.1 虛擬局域網(wǎng)概述 ............................................................................................
54
5.3.2 虛擬局域網(wǎng)的基本配置 ................................................................................
55
5.3.3 虛擬局域網(wǎng)中數(shù)據(jù)的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā) ............................................................................
61
5.3.4 三層交換技術(shù) ................................................................................................
62
5.3.5 虛擬局域網(wǎng)的綜合配置 ................................................................................
63
5.4 靜態(tài)路由和默認(rèn)路由 ................................................................................................
64
5.4.1 IP 路由原理 ....................................................................................................
65
5.4.2 靜態(tài)路由 ........................................................................................................
66
思考題 ................................................................................................................................
68
第6 章 Internet 接入技術(shù) ............................................................................................
69
6.1 企業(yè)用戶接入Internet
...............................................................................................
69
6.1.1 DDN 接入Internet ........................................................................................
69
6.1.2 FR(幀中繼)接入 ........................................................................................
71
6.1.3 光纖接入 ........................................................................................................
73
6.2 家庭用戶接入Internet
...............................................................................................
79
6.2.1 ADSL 接入 .....................................................................................................
79
6.2.2 局域網(wǎng)接入 ....................................................................................................
91
6.2.3 寬帶路由器的使用 ........................................................................................
92
6.3 無線接入Internet
.......................................................................................................
98
6.3.1 無線接入技術(shù)發(fā)展的特點(diǎn) ............................................................................
98
6.3.2 無線接入系統(tǒng)在通信網(wǎng)中的定位 .................................................................
99
6.3.3 主流無線接入技術(shù) ........................................................................................
99
6.3.4 寬帶無線接入技術(shù)七大趨勢(shì).......................................................................
104
思考題 ...............................................................................................................................
107
第7 章網(wǎng)絡(luò)規(guī)劃與設(shè)計(jì) ............................................................................................
109
7.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程規(guī)劃設(shè)計(jì)過程 ..........................................................................................
109
7.1.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程分析 ..............................................................................................
109
7.1.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)工程的設(shè)計(jì) ..........................................................................................
113
7.2 綜合布線系統(tǒng)概述 ..................................................................................................
118
7.2.1 綜合布線系統(tǒng)及其特點(diǎn) ..............................................................................
118
7.2.2 綜合布線系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成 ..................................................................................
120
7.2.3 綜合布線系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì) ..................................................................................
128
思考題 ...............................................................................................................................
131
第8 章計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用 .........................................................................................
132
8.1 Internet/Intranet/Extranet
..........................................................................................
132
8.1.1 Internet
..........................................................................................................
132
8.1.2 Intranet
..........................................................................................................
138
8.1.3 Extranet
.........................................................................................................
142
8.2 域名服務(wù)DNS .........................................................................................................
143
8.2.1 域和域名系統(tǒng) ..............................................................................................
144
8.2.2 域名注冊(cè)與管理 ..........................................................................................
145
8.2.3 域名解析服務(wù) ..............................................................................................
147
8.3 DHCP 服務(wù) ...............................................................................................................
149
8.3.1 DHCP 服務(wù)概述 ...........................................................................................
150
8.3.2 DHCP 服務(wù)的功能和特點(diǎn) ...........................................................................
151
8.3.3 DHCP 服務(wù)的應(yīng)用 .......................................................................................
152
8.4 常用服務(wù) ..................................................................................................................
153
8.4.1 WWW(萬維網(wǎng))服務(wù) ...............................................................................
153
8.4.2 電子郵件 ......................................................................................................
158
8.4.3 文件傳輸協(xié)議 ..............................................................................................
160
8.4.4 遠(yuǎn)程登錄(Telnet) ....................................................................................
164
思考題 ...............................................................................................................................
166
第9 章計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理與安全 .................................................................................
167
9.1 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理 ......................................................................................................
167
9.1.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理的基本概念 ..................................................................................
167
9.1.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理的基本功能 ..................................................................................
167
9.1.3 簡單網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理協(xié)議SNMP
........................................................................... 169
9.2 計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全 ......................................................................................................
171
9.2.1 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的定義 ..........................................................................................
171
9.2.2 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的要素 ..........................................................................................
171
9.2.3 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的重要性 ......................................................................................
172
9.2.4 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全面臨的威脅 ..................................................................................
172
9.2.5 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全問題的根源 ..................................................................................
173
9.2.6 確保網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的主要技術(shù) ..........................................................................
175
9.2.7 網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ..................................................................................
177
思考題 ...............................................................................................................................
178
第10 章計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)新技術(shù) .......................................................................................
179
10.1 云計(jì)算 ....................................................................................................................
179
10.1.1 云計(jì)算的概念 ..........................................................................................
179
10.1.2 云計(jì)算的特點(diǎn) ..........................................................................................
179
10.1.3 云計(jì)算的影響 ..........................................................................................
180
10.2 大數(shù)據(jù) ....................................................................................................................
181
10.2.1 大數(shù)據(jù)的概念 ..........................................................................................
181
10.2.2 大數(shù)據(jù)的特點(diǎn) ..........................................................................................
181
10.2.3 大數(shù)據(jù)的作用 ..........................................................................................
182
10.2.4 大數(shù)據(jù)的分析 ..........................................................................................
182
10.2.5 大數(shù)據(jù)的技術(shù) ..........................................................................................
183
10.2.6 大數(shù)據(jù)的處理 ..........................................................................................
184
10.2.7 大數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)代存儲(chǔ)所面對(duì)的問題 ...............................................................
185
10.3 物聯(lián)網(wǎng) ....................................................................................................................
187
10.3.1 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的定義 ..........................................................................................
187
10.3.2 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù) ..................................................................................
188
10.3.3 應(yīng)用模式 ..................................................................................................
188
10.3.4 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展趨勢(shì) ......................................................................................
189
10.4 智慧城市 ................................................................................................................
189
10.4.1 智慧城市的概念 ......................................................................................
189
10.4.2 智慧城市的產(chǎn)生背景 ..............................................................................
190
10.4.3 智慧城市的關(guān)鍵技術(shù) ..............................................................................
191
10.4.4 智慧城市的應(yīng)用 ......................................................................................
191
思考題 ...............................................................................................................................
193
第11 章計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)實(shí)驗(yàn) ..........................................................................................
194
11.1 局域網(wǎng)組裝實(shí)驗(yàn) ....................................................................................................
194
11.1.1 常見網(wǎng)絡(luò)設(shè)備與連接線纜介紹 ...............................................................
194
11.1.2 雙絞線的制作與測(cè)試 ...............................................................................
198
11.1.3 對(duì)等網(wǎng)的組建與文件共享 .......................................................................
200
11.1.4 常見網(wǎng)絡(luò)測(cè)試命令的使用 .......................................................................
204
11.1.5 Server-U 使用 ...........................................................................................
213
11.2 Windows Server 2003 系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn) ............................................................................
218
11.2.1 Windows Server 2003 安裝 ......................................................................
218
11.2.2 用戶的創(chuàng)建、刪除與登錄 .......................................................................
221
11.2.3 FTP 文件服務(wù)器配置與管理 ...................................................................
224
11.2.4 WWW 網(wǎng)頁服務(wù)器配置與管理 ..............................................................
229
11.2.5 DHCP 服務(wù)器配置與管理 .......................................................................
233
11.2.6 DNS 服務(wù)器配置與管理 ..........................................................................
238
11.3 Linux 網(wǎng)絡(luò)操作系統(tǒng)實(shí)驗(yàn) ......................................................................................
246
11.3.1 Red Hat Linux 9.0 的安裝 ........................................................................
246
11.3.2 Linux 命令行的使用 ................................................................................
252
11.3.3 vi 編輯器的使用 ......................................................................................
257
11.3.4 Linux 網(wǎng)絡(luò)配置與管理 ............................................................................
262
11.3.5 FTP 服務(wù)器的配置與管理 .......................................................................
266
11.4 路由器和交換機(jī)部分 .............................................................................................
269
11.4.1 認(rèn)識(shí)路由器端口及終端登錄 ...................................................................
269
11.4.2 路由器命令行及初始化配置 ...................................................................
272
11.4.3 靜態(tài)路由及動(dòng)態(tài)路由配置 .......................................................................
274
11.4.4 訪問控制列表的使用 ...............................................................................
279
11.4.5 NAT 配置 ..................................................................................................
282
11.4.6 eigrp 配置 ................................................................................................
284
11.4.7 交換機(jī)初始化配置 ...................................................................................
286
11.4.8 VTP 配置 ..................................................................................................
287
參考文獻(xiàn) .....................................................................................................................
293